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When Expectations Shape What We Think We See

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EXPLAINER @jorgebscomm for @empowervmedia Photo: Jane T D. via Pexels · Pexels License Two people can encounter the same evidence and construct different explanations. Understanding that difference requires attention to what they saw, what they expected and what the material actually established. I magine watching a short interview after being told that the speaker is highly experienced. A hesitant answer might seem thoughtful. Now imagine encountering the same footage after being told that the person is poorly prepared. The hesitation might appear to confirm a lack of competence. Neither interpretation necessarily follows from the pause alone. Yet the information supplied before a recording can influence which details seem important afterwards. This raises a question central to media and communication: when we believe a recording confirms an explanation, how much of that explanation did we bring to the recording ourselve...
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Psychology, Culture, Journalism, and Democracy in the Digital Age

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@jorgebscomm for @empowervmedia H How do people decide what to believe? Why does misinformation spread so easily? Why do news stories persuade some audiences, alienate others, and disappear entirely for others? And what happens to democracy when journalism, culture, psychology, and algorithms all collide in the same information environment? These are the questions that drive our latest article, Psychology, Culture, Journalism, and Democracy: A Critical Literature Review of Their Intersections in the Digital Age . This interdisciplinary review explores how cognitive processes, cultural values, media systems, and digital technologies interact to shape public knowledge and democratic life in contemporary societies. Journalism as a Psychological Institution At its core, the article argues that journalism is not only a communicative institution. It is also a psychological and cultural institution. News is never merely information. It is interpreted throug...
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Location: Australia
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The Network of Falsehoods: Sissela Bok on Lies and Trust

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Produced for @empowervmedia Edited & fact-checked by @jorgebscomm Bok argued that honesty is the “social glue” of trust.   (📷:irpp) S issela Bok’s starting point is simple but powerful: truth-telling is a vital social practice. She invites us to imagine a world where honesty is not the norm.  In such a world, “you could never trust anything you were told or anything you read” . You would have to verify every  fact yourself – an impossibly time-consuming task. Bok observes that even basic education assumes a degree of trust: if schoolbooks and teachers were known liars, learning would collapse . In her words, without trust, “you could never acquire the education you need… since such an education depends upon taking the word of what you read in your lesson books.” . This thought experiment makes it crystal clear  that we benefit enormously from living in a largely truthful world. 'Should You Always Tell The Truth? ' ▶️2m24s Bok formalises this as the Principle...
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Location: Australia
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