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Disinformation vs. Misinformation: A Psychological Primer

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Produced for @empowervmedia Edited & fact-checked by @jorgebscomm Emotions such as fear and outrage make us more susceptible to false news.   (📷:universityofcambridge) B efore diving into psychology, we must define our terms .  Misinformation  is misleading or false information that is spread, regardless of intent . It covers everything from honest mistakes to urban legends. In contrast, disinformation  is a form of misinformation that is created and shared on purpose  to mislead or manipulate people . In practice, experts often consider disinformation as a subset of misinformation, because it can be hard to know the originator’s intent . For example, a viral hoax about a miracle cure might be pure misinformation (someone misunderstood a fact), while an organised campaign spreading false health scares to sow panic would be disinformation. In either case, the core problem is that the information is false and can have harmful effects on people and society . ...

Communication and Media Theories: Shaping South Australian Education

Communication and media studies are disciplines deeply rooted in theory. The theories underpinning this field not only shape the academic landscape but also influence the way we perceive and engage with media in our daily lives. In South Australia, where the education system reflects the broader evolution of media, understanding these theories is paramount.

Communication and Media Theories: Shaping South Australian Education

The Historical Significance:

South Australia's journey through media education mirrors the global transformation of media. As print newspapers, radio, and television gave way to digital platforms, the theoretical frameworks that had long guided educators adapted as well. These theories provide a historical context for students, offering insights into how media has evolved and the role it plays in contemporary society.

"Understanding media theories empowers students to become critical thinkers in a media-saturated world." Neil Postman

Key Theories and Their Relevance:

1. Agenda-Setting Theory: In media and communication classrooms, this theory is pivotal. It helps students comprehend that media doesn't dictate what to think but influences what issues to consider. Understanding this theory equips students with media literacy skills that are vital in a world of information overload.

2. Uses and Gratifications Theory: Educators recognize that media is not a passive force. This theory empowers students to understand that individuals actively select media to fulfil their needs, whether for information, entertainment, or social interaction. In the age of digital media, this theory helps bridge the gap between media consumption and user agency.

3. Cultivation Theory: In an era when media permeates every aspect of our lives, this theory's relevance cannot be overstated. Students of media and communications learn that prolonged exposure to media shapes perceptions of reality. It sparks critical discussions about how media narratives can influence social beliefs and behaviours.

4. Semiotics: Universities introduce students to semiotics, the study of signs and symbols in media. This theory equips them with tools to decode and interpret media messages, fostering media literacy and analytical skills. It's a bridge between theory and practice, enabling students to navigate the increasingly complex language of media.


The Pedagogical Approach:

Media education integrate these theories into the curriculum, offering students a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic media landscape. Rather than teaching media in isolation, they utilize theoretical frameworks to promote critical thinking, media literacy, and ethical decision-making.

Introduction to Media Studies

"In the world of media and communication, theories are the lenses through which we view our evolving reality." Marshall McLuhan

Theories are the compass in the ever-changing seas of communication and media. They empower students to navigate the complexities of media, from understanding the priorities of news agendas to critically evaluating the impact of media on our lives. By studying these theories, students are not just consumers of media; they become informed, discerning, and active participants in our media-driven world.

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